Sidetracked Home Executives by Pam Young and Peggy Jones.
I don't follow every bit of their advice, but some of the principles have stayed with me.
AI 2041 is good book on future of AI written as short science fiction stories. The authors worked in VC and Google.
Not sure exactly what you mean with this question…?
Maybe The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins would fit the bill.
Depends on the domain you are interested in. For example, in the physics realm, books by Susskind, Penrose, Weinberg, certainly are not generalizations. Even Smolin, Greene, and Carroll are very experienced in their fields though more accessible than Penrose. Same with computers and programming, innumerable choices are available. Math? Anyone from Ian Stewart to Tao to Hardy. Generally, I’ve found the answer on the overleaf. If the book is written by a science journalist, a reporter, etc., it’s usually a bit light while books written by academics in particular fields, even if written for the general public, are typically “beefier”.