Previous (extremely informative!) posts Howard Oakley has done in this file integrity series:

File Integrity 1 : Why bother? https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/03/file-integrity-1-why-bot...

File Integrity 2 : Which digest? https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/06/file-integrity-2-which-d...

File Integrity 3 : Where to store digests? https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/08/file-integrity-3-where-t...

File Integrity 4 : Error-correcting code is available for macOS https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/16/file-integrity-4-error-c...

File Integrity 5 : How well does error-correcting code work? https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/20/file-integrity-5-how-wel...

File Integrity 6 : Which image format is most resilient? https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/21/file-integrity-6-which-i...

File Integrity 7 : Which other file formats are resilient? https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/22/file-integrity-7-which-o...

File Integrity 8 : Compression, encryption and disk images https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/24/file-integrity-8-compres...

Last Week on My Mac: Why file integrity is important https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/26/last-week-on-my-mac-why-...

File Integrity 9 : How error-correcting codes work https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/28/file-integrity-9-how-err...

File Integrity 10 : Effects of length of corruption on images and ECC recovery https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/30/file-integrity-10-effect...

File Integrity 11 : Which RAID levels enable file recovery? https://eclecticlight.co/2020/05/02/file-integrity-11-which-...

File Integrity 12 : Error correction for large files https://eclecticlight.co/2020/05/05/file-integrity-12-error-...