To an arbitrary extent. It would probably be really inefficient though. See - universal approximation theorem.
https://xuwd11.github.io/am207/wiki/functorch.html#:~:text=A....
I suppose you could use the LLM to generate a function that would perform the operation you want. I know image classifiers have been used for audio, the audio is converted into a waveform Image and then processed. It should also be possible for AI to generate schematics including logic gates or even functional ICs such as amplifiers or possibly the entire catalogue of 7400 series chips.
Sure, LLMs can eventually simulate anything in a lossy, ridiculously inefficient way. It's not a good idea though.
I'm somewhat reminded of the paper "Could a Neuroscientist Understand a Microprocessor?" which calls out the weakness of black-box analysis and simulation techniques. https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/jo...